Cryptography Calculators & Formula Tools | yourcalculator.app

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Cryptography Calculators

19 Tools

Hash generators (SHA/MD5), hash rate estimation, and classical ciphers.

Available Cryptography Calculation Engines

Click any card to open the interactive tool

cryptography

Hash Generator

Compute SHA-256, SHA-512, MD5, and SHA-1 cryptographic digests with optional salts.

H(m) = Fixed-length bit digest of message mLaunch

cryptography

HMAC Calculator

Generate Hash-based Message Authentication Codes using secret keys and SHA hash functions.

HMAC(K, m) = H((K' ⊕ opad) || H((K' ⊕ ipad) || m))Launch

cryptography

Base64 Encoder/Decoder

Encode plain strings to Base64 or decode Base64 data back to raw text.

Base64 = 6-bit binary chunks mapped to 64 ASCII charactersLaunch

cryptography

RSA Key Generator

Generate asymmetric RSA public and private key pairs in PEM format up to 4096 bits.

n = p × q, e = 65537, d = e⁻¹ mod φ(n)Launch

cryptography

RSA Encryption/Decryption Calculator

Perform mathematical RSA modular exponentiation for asymmetric key encryption and decryption.

c = mᵉ mod n, m = cᵈ mod nLaunch

cryptography

AES Encryption/Decryption Calculator

Encrypt and decrypt text payload data using AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256 symmetric ciphers.

C = E_K(P) via Substitution-Permutation NetworkLaunch

cryptography

SHA‑256 / SHA‑512 Calculator

Compare SHA-256 and SHA-512 cryptographic hash digests and inspect round state dynamics.

SHA-2 family round functions with 32-bit or 64-bit word operationsLaunch

cryptography

PBKDF2 Key Derivation Calculator

Derive strong cryptographic keys from passwords using configurable HMAC iterations and salts.

DK = PBKDF2(PRF, Password, Salt, c, dkLen)Launch

cryptography

Bcrypt Hash Calculator

Generate adaptive bcrypt password hashes with configurable work factors (cost exponent).

Bcrypt = Eksblowfish(Cost, Salt, Password)Launch

cryptography

Scrypt Key Derivation Calculator

Calculate scrypt memory-hard key derivation parameters and memory footprints.

Memory Overhead = N × r × 128 bytesLaunch

cryptography

Diffie‑Hellman Key Exchange Calculator

Simulate public-key Diffie-Hellman key agreement and shared secret derivation.

A = gᵃ mod p, B = gᵇ mod p, S = Bᵃ mod p = Aᵇ mod pLaunch

cryptography

Elliptic Curve Point Calculator

Validate point membership on Weierstrass elliptic curves (y² = x³ + ax + b mod p).

y² ≡ x³ + ax + b (mod p)Launch

cryptography

ECC Key Generator

Generate Elliptic Curve Cryptography (secp256k1, NIST P-256, Curve25519) key pairs.

Q = d × G (Scalar multiplication on curve)Launch

cryptography

JWT Signature Verifier

Parse JSON Web Tokens, inspect header and payload claims, and test HMAC signatures.

JWT = Base64URL(Header) . Base64URL(Payload) . SignatureLaunch

cryptography

Checksum Calculator (CRC32, Adler‑32)

Compute CRC-32 and Adler-32 integrity verification checksums for data blocks.

CRC-32 polynomial division 0xEDB88320; Adler-32 mod 65521Launch

cryptography

UUID Generator

Generate 128-bit Universally Unique Identifiers (UUID v4 and UUID v1).

UUID v4 = xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxLaunch

cryptography

Random Number / Entropy Generator

Generate cryptographically secure random numbers using Web Crypto CSPRNG.

H(X) = -Σ P(x) log₂ P(x) (Shannon Entropy)Launch

cryptography

Password Strength Calculator

Evaluate password security, character set complexity, and Shannon entropy bits.

Entropy E = L × log₂(N)Launch

cryptography

Digital Signature Verifier

Authenticate digital signatures and verify document cryptographic integrity.

Verify(m, sig, pubKey) → {True, False}Launch

Computational Standards: Cryptography Analysis Working Group

Peer-Verified AlgorithmsUpdated: September 2026

Cryptographic Algorithms, Information Entropy & Cyber Security

Comprehensive theoretical background, mathematical principles, and practical application standards

Modern cryptographic security is grounded in number theory, computational complexity, and abstract algebra. Digital encryption algorithms protect personal privacy, electronic commerce, and cloud infrastructure by leveraging mathematical operations that are straightforward to compute in one direction but intractable to reverse without a private key.

Core concepts include asymmetric public-key cryptography (RSA, Elliptic Curve Cryptography), symmetric block ciphers (AES-256), cryptographic hash functions (SHA-256, SHA-3), and information entropy. Shannon entropy measures the unpredictability of encryption keys and passwords.

Understanding bit strength, modular exponentiation, and collision resistance allows cybersecurity practitioners to select adequate security margins against brute-force attacks.

Key Methodological Principles in Cryptography

Bit Strength & Keyspace Dimensions

An n-bit key provides 2^n potential combinations. Each additional bit doubles the brute-force search space.

Information Entropy

Shannon entropy (measured in bits) quantifies the randomness of a secret string based on character alphabet size and length.

Modular Arithmetic & Trapdoor Functions

One-way trapdoor functions (such as discrete logarithms and prime factorization) form the basis of key exchange protocols.

Frequently Asked Questions About Cryptography

Clear answers to fundamental computation and modeling inquiries

Why is AES-256 considered practically unbreakable by brute force?

AES-256 has 2^256 possible keys (approx 1.15 × 10^77). Evaluating all keys would take the world’s fastest supercomputers billions of years.

How does password entropy differ from simple character length?

Entropy factors in both length and character variety (lowercase, uppercase, numbers, symbols). A 16-character phrase selected from a wide alphabet yields significantly higher entropy than predictable patterns.

What is a hash collision and why is collision resistance important?

A hash collision occurs when two distinct input messages generate identical hash digests. Strong hash algorithms (like SHA-256) are engineered so finding collisions is computationally infeasible.